The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has issued an alert over a health issue which it said can be ‘life-threatening’. The Government agency posted to X, urging people to check on individuals who might be more at risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) – especially anyone over 65.
“UTIs are unpleasant for most but for some they can be life-threatening,” it said in an update this week. “Check in on those who might be more at risk of developing UTIs, including those aged 65+. Know the signs.”
UTIs are conditions affecting the urinary system, which encompasses the kidneys, urethra, and/or bladder. While these infections can strike anyone, they are notably more prevalent in females, with about half experiencing one at some point in life, according to Cleveland Clinic.
Although typically non-threatening, UTIs can escalate to sepsis, a serious condition where the body’s infection-fighting response mistakenly turns against itself. In the worst cases, Dr Lawrence, a retired GP at the UK Care Guide, explained that septic shock can take place, which require urgent medical care. “I’ve seen in severe upper UTIs where the infection spreads to the bloodstream,” he told the Mirror.
“In my experience, underlying conditions like diabetes or a weakened immune system can increase the risk of a UTI becoming life-threatening. So, it’s critical for individuals with such conditions to seek medical advice promptly when symptoms arise.”
It is important to note that UTIs are broadly separated into two categories – lower and upper UTIs. The first of these typically involves the bladder (cystitis) and urethra (urethritis), while upper UTIs generally affect the kidneys.
Usually, it is the upper UTIs that trigger more severe symptoms, requiring prompt medical attention. Dr Gareth Nye, lecturer of Biomedical Science at the University of Salford, also told the Mirror: “The most common causative bacteria is E coli which is responsible for up to 90 per cent of UTI infections.
“Most UTIs begin with bacteria infecting the urethra which is the tube urine comes through. This normally is due to a result of cross contamination with bacteria from the anus during trips to the toilet and is the main reason UTIs are common in children learning to wipe independently.
“As females have a naturally shorter urethras and it is in closer proximity to likely bacterial sources, they are much more likely to develop UTIs… UTIs can be life threatening, if they reach the kidneys the infection can cause permanent kidney damage which has whole body effects such as changes to blood pressure and lower ability to remove toxins from the body.
“UTIs in pregnancy can lead to premature births which has high risks for both mum and baby.” In light of this, both doctors suggest it is always worth looking out for the common symptoms of UTIs and other signs that indicate they may have become more serious.
Needing to urinate more frequently and pain while going to the toilet are among the common signs you might expect, but others may seem completely unrelated. This especially includes a sudden onset of confusion or memory loss, which is sometimes brushed off among older individuals.
“Older people often have UTIs which present with non-standard symptoms,” Dr Nye continued. “Older people which sudden onset confusion or memory problems may be suffering from a UTI, particularly if they already have an underlying brain condition.
“(But in general) the symptoms distinguish how far the infection has spread and which type of UTI you have. Urethritis causes burning sensation during urination or discharge but can often go unnoticed.
“Cystitis is when people often notice the infection as the symptoms include pain when urinating, increased urination frequency, pain in the lower abdomen and cloudy, bad smelling urine. Some women report feeling a pulling or dragging sensation when urinating.
“If the infection reaches the kidneys, it can be a very serious medical condition and symptoms include fever, vomiting and pain in the lower back.” Similarly, Dr Cunningham added: “Sometimes, patients also report pelvic pain, especially in cases of cystitis.
“I’ve always advised my patients to be vigilant about these symptoms because early detection can prevent complications. In cases of upper UTIs, symptoms might also include fever, chills, and flank pain, indicating a need for immediate medical intervention.”
Mild UTIs confined to the urethra usually go away without medical treatment, but both professionals recommend seeking a GP’s advice in all cases to avoid further complications. Keeping hydrated and drinking plenty of water can also reduce the risk of infection, in addition to good personal hygiene and urinating after sexual intercourse.
“Yes, mild cases of UTIs might resolve without treatment, but this is not something I typically recommend relying on,” Dr Lawrence said. “It’s always safer to consult a GP to avoid complications.
“I always recommend seeking medical advice if symptoms persist for more than a couple of days or if you experience severe symptoms like fever and flank pain. Early treatment can prevent the infection from becoming more serious.”
Meanwhile, Dr Nye added: “As soon as symptoms appear it is best to seek medical support, this is why the urine testing sticks can help in forming a diagnosis. However, UTIs can be missed on urine dipstick tests and may require a more advanced sample to confirm, particularly if the level of bacteria are low at the time. If you have symptoms make sure you are seeking treatment as soon as possible.”
