The charitable giving of the country’s biggest donors is on the rise—but hasn’t kept pace with the growth in their fortunes.
By Wealth Team Kerry A. Dolan, Matt Durot, Phoebe Liu, Giacomo Tognini, Chase Peterson-Withorn, Maneet Ahuja and Chris Helman, Staff
Buoyed by two consecutive years of stellar returns in the U.S. stock market, America’s top philanthropists are richer than ever—but not all of their giving has kept pace with their fatter fortunes.
Altogether, the lifetime giving of the nation’s top 25 philanthropists through December 30, 2024 rose to $241 billion–$30 billion more than last year’s total, according to ’ estimates. Still, that 14% increase in giving came at a time when collectively, their fortunes rose 18.5%. The 25 biggest givers are now worth a combined $1.6 trillion–up from $1.35 trillion a year ago. Looked at another way, the biggest philanthropists have over their lifetimes given away 15% of their total worth, a huge sum but the smallest percentage since began tracking top giving in 2021.
Of course, some are more generous than others. For the fifth year in a row, Warren Buffett tops the list in terms of total giving at $62 billion over his lifetime, or 30% of his fortune. He also gave away more in the past year than anyone else, a total of $5.3 billion. As he has since 2006, Buffet donates billions of dollars annually in the form of Berkshire Hathaway stock to the Gates Foundation and to foundations run by his three children. We then give Buffett credit for some of the Gates Foundation giving and all of what his family members’ foundations give away in grants. Buffett, now 94, shocked many in the philanthropy world in June when he told the Wall Street Journal that when he dies, he will not be giving any of his Berkshire Hathaway stock to the Gates Foundation. Instead, he will leave the shares–currently worth about $145 billion–to a charitable foundation that his three children will run.
While Buffett is number one as measured by total giving, George Soros has given away a larger percentage of his net worth than anyone else on this list: 76% so far. A significant amount of his Open Society Foundations’ work over the years has gone to support democracy in places like Central and Eastern Europe. More recently his U.S. foundation has supported children’s education in Afghanistan.
Another notable donor is MacKenzie Scott. Last year Scott gave away more than $2.6 billion to a wide array of groups, further demonstrating her commitment to give “until the safe is empty,” as she wrote in a 2019 essay. In six years the novelist and former wife of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos has made $19.25 billion in unrestricted gifts to more than 2,450 organizations ranging from Big Brothers Big Sisters Hawaii to Legal Aid DC. She’s given away more money at a faster pace over that time than everyone on this list except Warren Buffett, Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates (who have had a staff of 2,000 at the Gates Foundation to facilitate their grantmaking).
Scott’s ex-husband–now the world’s second richest person, worth an estimated $250 billion–moves up one slot to number nine among top philanthropists, having given away $4.1 billion to climate, housing and education causes. While that is admirable, Bezos also takes the prize for the smallest percentage of his wealth given away of any of the top 25–just 1.6%. Of course, the world’s richest person, Elon Musk–now worth $420 billion–doesn’t even qualify for this ranking. estimates Musk’s out-the-door lifetime giving through 2023 at about $620 million, far short of the minimum $1.9 billion in giving needed to qualify for this list.
One newcomer who climbed into the ranks this year is Netflix cofounder and chairman Reed Hastings. He has dramatically stepped up gifts of his Netflix stock lately to his very active donor-advised fund–though he’s closed-mouthed about the recipients of his more recent generosity.
The importance of philanthropy became clear three days after Donald Trump took office and promptly withdrew from the Paris Agreement international climate accord, with billionaire Mike Bloomberg saying he and other climate funders would fill the void (possibly a $15 million commitment). That’s a pittance for Bloomberg, who gave away more than $3 billion just last year and $21.1 billion in his lifetime, but it will have an enormous impact on America’s ability to stay a part of the critical accord.
Two people on last year’s list have since died: hedge fund star Jim Simons passed away in May and Home Depot cofounder Bernard “Bernie” Marcus in November. Both men’s wives remain on this list. As Jim Simons quipped at the philanthropy conference in 2023, “I just made the money and Marilyn gave it away.” A third person on last year’s ranking, Amos Hostetter, a cable TV pioneer who with his wife Barbara give via their Barr Foundation to causes around Boston, just missed the cut.
Methodology: Our estimates factor in the total lifetime giving of Americans through the end of 2024, measured in dollars given to charitable recipients; we are not including money parked in a foundation that has yet to do any good. To that end, we also do not include gifts that have been pledged but not yet paid out, nor money given to donor-advised funds—opaque, tax-advantaged accounts that have neither disclosure nor distribution requirements—unless the giver shared details about what was actually paid out by such entities. For giving as a percent of net worth, we add lifetime giving to net worth and then divide lifetime giving into that total. This is a list of individuals and couples who are U.S. citizens; as a result, we exclude extended families like the Waltons (the founding family and largest shareholders of Walmart). We also don’t list deceased individuals. Net worths are estimates as of January 28, 2025.
Here is the full list of America’s 25 most generous givers:
Warren Buffett & family
Lifetime giving: $62 billion, +$5.3 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Health, poverty alleviation
Net worth: $146.7 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 30%
In June, the 94-year-old investor made his annual mega-donation of Berkshire Hathaway stock–$5.3 billion this time–to the usual recipients: the Gates Foundation; a charity named for his late wife; and foundations run by each of his three children. Gates got the lion’s share—stock worth $4 billion; he donated another $1.1 billion to his children’ s foundations in November. As we have in the past, is including in Warren and family’s lifetime giving the total in grants paid out by the Buffett children’s foundations, namely the Howard G. Buffett Foundation, run by son Howard; the NoVo Foundation, run by son Peter Buffett and his wife Jennifer; the Sherwood Foundation, run by daughter Susie Buffett; and the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation, named for Warren’s late first wife. Together these four foundations distributed $1.7 billion in 2023, the most recent year for which information is available. Howard’s foundation has been a generous supporter of food security and agriculture in Ukraine; the Sherwood Foundation supports Nebraska’s neediest, including the state’s school system; NoVo supports Indigenous communities, growing food and children’s causes.
Bill Gates & Melinda French Gates
Lifetime giving: $47.7 billion, + $5.2 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Health, poverty alleviation
Net worth: $108.6 billion, $30.3 billion
Giving as percent of combined net worth: 26%
After the 2021 divorce of the highest-profile couple in philanthropy, Melinda stayed on as co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. But in June last year Melinda made a change, resigning to focus on her Pivotal Ventures, which does its own philanthropy, plus makes investments aimed at social change and advocates for women globally. Under Bill’s leadership, the foundation inked a deal in Saudi Arabia last November to partner with the country’s crown prince, Mohammad Bin Salman, on a new program of up to $2.5 billion to support nonprofits. In January, the former couple’s foundation, which has $70 billion in assets and turns 25 this year, renamed itself The Gates Foundation. Because Melinda was co-chair of the Gates Foundation for most of its existence, we attribute a significant portion of Gates Foundation grantmaking through 2024 to both Bill and Melinda (and the rest to Warren Buffett, a big donor to the foundation); the foundation spent $8.6 billion last year. Melinda’s Pivotal Philanthropies Foundation gave away $48 million in 2023; grants included $2.3 million to Rutgers University’s Center for American Women and Politics and $1.6 million to the National Partnership for Women and Families.
George Soros
Lifetime giving: $23 billion, + $1.7 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Democracy, human rights
Net worth: $7.2 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 76%
Open Society Foundations’ Chairman Alex Soros, a son of 94-year-old hedge fund founder George Soros, shook up the place in the past year, completing a reduction in staff from 1,700 to 500 and leading the creation of a new Roma Foundation for Europe. Over more than three decades, George Soros poured the bulk of his fortune–$32 billion–into Open Society Foundations, which says it gave away $1.7 billion in 2023, including an estimated $4.2 million to U.S. civic engagement nonprofit Accelerate Action and $2.4 million for scholarships and research for the American University of Central Asia in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Total charitable giving through December 2023 was $23 billion, per Open Society. Grants made in 2024 have not been disclosed.
Michael Bloomberg
Lifetime giving: $21.1 billion, + $3.7 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Climate change, health, education
Net worth: $104.7 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 17%
The 82-year-old founder of financial data and media company Bloomberg LP donated $1 billion to Johns Hopkins University last July to make its medical school free for most students. The gift will also increase financial aid to other graduate schools at Bloomberg’s alma mater, to which he has now given a total of $4.6 billion. Bloomberg, who has served as the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy on Climate Ambition and Solutions since 2021, announced in January that his Bloomberg Philanthropies will once again help to cover the funding gap left by President Trump’s withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement’s international treaty on climate change for the second time. Bloomberg previously fulfilled two-thirds of the U.S.’s $15 million commitment to the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat’s two year funding cycle in 2018 and 2019.
MacKenzie Scott
Lifetime giving: $19.25 billion, + $2.6 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, housing and economic equity
Net worth: $33.6 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 36%
In 2024, Scott gave $2 billion to 560 nonprofit groups, mostly across the U.S. but also in Kenya, India and beyond. Some of her biggest grants were rare repeat gifts of $50 million or more to organizations including affordable housing nonprofit Enterprise Community Partners and debt relief group Undue Medical Debt. She also gave an additional $640 million to 361 winners of her first-ever competition for grants. Scott received a 4% stake in Amazon in her 2019 divorce from Jeff Bezos and has already offloaded more than two-thirds of her shares. Scott has eschewed a traditional charitable foundation and reportedly gives via donor-advised funds. In December she announced a plan to hold some of her wealth in impact investments—instead of a bank account or stock portfolio—before giving it away. “That way, the money can help address these issues twice,” she wrote on her website Yield Giving, which also publishes a list of her grants.
Marilyn Simons & family
Lifetime giving: $9.4 billion, + $3.4 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Science, math
Net worth: $31 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 23%
Marilyn is carrying on the work she did with her late husband, Jim Simons, the hedge fund legend who died in May 2024 at age 86. In June, the Simons Foundation announced it would fund 14 projects aimed at cooling the earth. Jim’s financial success at Renaissance Technologies led him and Marilyn to give an estimated $1.5 billion or more to foundations run by adult children Liz Simons, Nat Simons and Audrey Cappell, which collectively have given away some $2.5 billion since 2008. The significant increase in giving by the Simons since last year is the result of our inclusion of these additional foundations’ distributions as part of the nuclear Simons family’s lifetime giving.
Mark Zuckerberg & Priscilla Chan
Lifetime giving: $5.1 billion, + $620 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Science, education
Net worth: $232.8 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 2.1%
The Meta CEO and his pediatrician wife have encouraged researchers they fund to embrace AI to help advance scientific discovery, with the goal of producing AI-powered virtual cell models for biology research. Scientists at the Chan Zuckerberg-funded San Francisco “biohub” –a research collaboration among multiple universities in the same geographic area–led to a discovery of the cause of MIC, a rare inflammatory condition that affects some children with long Covid.
Steve & Connie Ballmer
Lifetime giving: $4.99 billion, + $1.24 billion vs. year ago
Giving focus: Economic mobility
Net worth: $130.1 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 3.7%
Three years ago, the former Microsoft CEO and his wife Connie were encouraged by their son Sam to steer some of their charitable giving toward climate issues. That initiative grew to the point where last August the three Ballmers announced the creation of the Rainier Climate–a separate philanthropic entity. Its grants in 2024 included $10 million over four years to the Carbon Disclosure Project, a nonprofit that runs the leading environmental disclosure platform. The Ballmer Group announced $15 million in funding to help those affected by the devastating January fires in Los Angeles County, plus it is matching funds raised by FireAid, a benefit concert held on January 30. Ballmer owns the LA Clippers NBA team.
Jeff Bezos
Lifetime giving: $4.1 billion, + $660 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Climate, homelessness and education
Net worth: $251 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 1.6%
The biggest slice of 2024 grants from the Amazon founder and his fiancee Lauren Sánchez—$280 million—were made via the Bezos Earth Fund: a $10 billion, decade-long commitment announced in 2020 to drive solutions to climate change. Its newest initiative is the AI for Climate and Nature Grand Challenge, an ongoing competition for up to $100 million in grants. Bezos also awarded $110 million through his Day 1 Families Fund to help families experiencing homelessness and gave $120 million to Bezos Academy, his network of tuition-free preschools. Bezos also completed a $200 million pledge to the Smithsonian in 2024, used to renovate the National Air & Space Museum and launch a new Bezos Learning Center.
Phil & Penny Knight
Lifetime giving: $3.98 billion, + $380 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education
Net worth: $34.1 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 10%
The Nike founder and his wife Penny donated $258 million to Phil’s alma mater, the University of Oregon, in 2024. That included $100 million paid out as part of two $500 million pledges the Knights made in 2016 and 2021 to create the Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact. The couple also gave $63 million to Stanford University, where Phil got an MBA, including $40 million to the Knight-Hennessy Scholars program, which the Knights launched in 2016 with a $400 million founding pledge.
Sergey Brin
Lifetime giving: $3.9 billion, + $890 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Parkinson’s disease, climate change
Net worth: $154 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 2.5%
Google cofounder Brin is one of the only individuals who’s given more than $1 billion towards research of a single disease: Parkinson’s. Last year he made an additional $330 million in grants toward research of the degenerative disease; his mother Eugenia, who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s more than two decades ago, died in December. Brin has been expanding the scope of his giving to bipolar disorder, autism and other central nervous system conditions. That includes a ramp-up in impact investing through his Catalyst4 nonprofit, which owns stakes in multiple biopharma startups—part of Brin’s mission to bridge the gap between basic science and drug development for these little-understood conditions. Brin also donated $240 million to climate change nonprofits in 2024.
Barbara Picower
Lifetime giving: $3.59 billion, + $430 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Democracy, poverty alleviation
Source of wealth: Investments
Net worth: Not available
Picower launched the JPB Foundation in 2011, two years after her husband, billionaire investor Jeffry Picower, died. He had been one of the largest beneficiaries of Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi scheme; in 2010, Barbara Picower agreed in a settlement to return $7.2 billion to Madoff’s fraud victims. Since then, She has donated billions to medical research and the environment. Late last year, she renamed her charitable entity; it’s now called Freedom Together Foundation, with the goal of expanding multiracial democracy.
Dustin Moskovitz & Cari Tuna
Lifetime giving: $3.5 billion, +$660 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, effective altruism, scientific research
Net worth: $18.5 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 16%
Facebook and Asana cofounder Moskovitz and his wife continue to give their biggest grants to various universities—including an $18 million gift to Georgetown’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology—and effective altruist organizations, including $35 million in the year ending June 2024 to the Effective Ventures Foundation. Among their other 2024 grants: $20 million to the Lead Exposure Action Fund and $3 million to support a phase II trial for a novel cholera vaccine.
Lynn & Stacy Schusterman
Lifetime giving: $3.49 billion, + $560 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, Jewish community, gender and reproductive equity
Net worth: $4.5 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 44%
The wife and daughter of late oil billionaire Charles Schusterman (d. 2000) run their family foundation, which has prioritized donations to Planned Parenthood to provide low-income women with access to abortion care and other healthcare. As part of their support for Israel and the Jewish community, they donate to Birthright’s trips for young Jewish adults to Israel, including trips focused on volunteerism in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war.
Edythe Broad & family
Lifetime giving: $3.46 billion, + $160 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, arts, science
Net worth: $7 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 33%
Back in 2003, Edythe and her husband Eli (d. 2021), who built a fortune in homebuilding and insurance, committed $100 million to launch the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard to expand scientific collaborations among researchers from the two universities, who are working to understand the roots of disease. Over the years the couple increased their donations to the Broad Institute–which turned 20 last year–to $1 billion, including endowment funds In addition, The Broad Foundation supports causes in Los Angeles, including The Broad, a contemporary art museum with free admission.
Pierre & Pam Omidyar
Lifetime giving: $3 billion, + $250 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Poverty alleviation, human rights, education
Net worth: $10.5 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 22%
The Omidyars’ tentacled approach to philanthropy encompasses at least eight separate organizations. These include Democracy Fund, which supports groups working on free and fair elections; Humanity United, which combats human trafficking and forced labor; and the social-change-focused Omidyar Network. The Ebay founder and his wife Pam have funded their network of nonprofits with a steady trickle of Ebay and PayPal shares since the early 2000s; that appears to have slowed in 2023 with a total of $20 million in contributions. It’s a potential sign of a broader shift in the Omidyars’ philanthropic work to a more “collaborative” approach, as The Omidyar Group indicated in a mid-2023 blog post.
Michael & Susan Dell
Lifetime giving: $2.85 billion, + $208 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, economic stability
Net worth: $105.7 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 2.6%
The Michael & Susan Dell Foundation’s biggest commitments of 2024 went towards charter schools in the U.S. Notably, they pledged $100 million to the Charter School Growth Fund, which currently serves more than 600,000 students, to help build new school facilities and provide other support. In 2024 the Dells put another $1.5 billion into their foundation and at least another half billion dollars into their donor-advised fund; they declined to specify how much the DAF disbursed in 2024.
Ken Griffin
Lifetime giving: $2.35 billion, + $182.3 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: medical research, education, economic mobility
Net worth: $43.8 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 5%
The hedge fund titan’s most notable gifts of 2024 were to nonprofit hospitals in his new-ish South Florida home base. (He moved to Miami in 2022.) In March, Griffin announced a $50 million pledge to the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami and $50 million to the Baptist Health Miami Neuroscience Institute. Beyond the U.S., Griffin was among the American donors to fund the restoration of Notre-Dame following the fire that engulfed the cathedral in 2019.
Eric & Wendy Schmidt
Lifetime giving: $2.3 billion, + $420 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, scientific research, healthy oceans
Net worth: $26.2 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 8%
The Schmidts primarily give through their family foundation, mostly to support a clean energy transition, ocean conservation and equitable food systems; the Schmidt Ocean Institute, which funds sophisticated ocean research vessels used by academic researchers; and the Schmidt Fund for Strategic Innovation. The latter has backed scientific research—for both teenagers and adults and especially related to artificial intelligence. Last year the couple made a $5.5 million grant to public radio broadcaster NPR in part to establish a newsroom in Appalachia.The Schmidts’ new lifetime giving total includes grants from both 2023 ($460 million) and 2024 ($420 million).
George Kaiser
Lifetime giving: $2.19 billion, + $170 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, health, poverty alleviation
Net worth: $16.1 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 12%
Kaiser, an oil and banking billionaire, concentrates his philanthropy on his hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma, with a focus on education, health and making the city more economically competitive. In 2024, Tulsa Innovation Labs—a tech hub founded by the George Kaiser Family Foundation in 2020—received a $51 million federal grant to boost the city’s advanced manufacturing of drones and autonomous systems, bringing its total funding to nearly $250 million, including matching contributions from the foundation.
Donald Bren
Lifetime giving: $2.11 billion, + $2 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, conservation
Net worth: $18.9 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 10%
The 92-year-old real estate titan has focused his philanthropy on education, giving to universities and schools in Orange County and Los Angeles, including UC Irvine and Caltech. In 2024 his foundation gave $2 million to the Irvine Unified School District, part of a $50 million commitment over 20 years, which helps fund weekly science, music and art lessons for nearly 200,000 students in 4th to 6th grade.
Reed Hastings and Patty Quillin
Lifetime giving: $2.1 billion, NEW
Giving focus: Education, other
Net worth: $5.5 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 28%
The Netflix chairman and cofounder gave away about 57% of his Netflix stock last year–worth $1.6 billion–to a donor-advised fund. (He does not have his own charitable foundation.) Hastings confirmed to that his donor-advised fund at the Silicon Valley Community Foundation has disbursed $1.8 billion to charitable groups, but would not disclose the focus area of the giving or the names of the nonprofit recipients. His representative declined further comment. Hastings and his wife Patty Quillin have given mostly to education in the past, including $40 million each in 2020 to Morehouse College, Spelman College and the United Negro College fund and $60 million in beginning in 2019 to build a lavish retreat center in Colorado for groups working in public education.
John & Laura Arnold
Lifetime giving: $2.07 billion, + $204 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, criminal justice reform, public finance.
Net worth: $2.9 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 42%
Laura, a former attorney, and John, who ran an energy-focused hedge fund, work full time as philanthropists. Their giving is data-driven and guided by evidence-based programs shown to have positive societal outcomes. They funded the creation of the Real-Time Crime Index, which synthesizes crime data from 350 agencies to spot trends. And they’re backing a George Mason University study on whether police departments can slash felony rates overall via more routine investigations of high-volume crimes like car theft and burglaries. To keep kids out of crime in the first place, the Arnolds gave a $20 million grant to Maryland schools to introduce students to online tools to battle learning loss in high-poverty schools and better teach math, especially Algebra 1.
Billi Marcus & family
Lifetime giving: $1.98 billion, + $230 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Medical care, veterans, Jewish causes
Net worth: $10.3 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 16%
Billi and her late husband Bernard (“Bernie”) Marcus, cofounder of Home Depot have been giving via their Marcus Foundation since 1990. Bernie died in November 2024 at age 95. Their foundation supported causes including nearly $18 million last year to the Shepherd Center in Atlanta, a nonprofit hospital specialized in treating patients with spinal cord injuries and brain injuries; the hospital’s Marcus Center for Advanced Rehabilitation is slated to open this spring. The Marcuses also donated $13 million last year to Avalon Action Alliance, which treats U.S. military veterans and first responders with traumatic brain injuries and PTSD.
Charles Koch
Lifetime giving: $1.9 billion, + $100 million vs. year ago
Giving focus: Education, poverty alleviation, criminal justice
Net worth: $67.5 billion
Giving as percent of net worth: 2.7%
The 89-year-old freemarket advocate and chairman of Koch Inc. (formerly Koch Industries), America’s second largest private company, spread $65 million across nearly 100 colleges and universities through his private Charles Koch Foundation in 2023 (the most recent public filing). Of that total, $29 million went to George Mason University, including $12 million to the school’s Institute For Humane Studies, which supports graduate students, scholars and other intellectuals dedicated to promoting classical liberalism. George Mason also received $14 million from one of the two largest public charities in Koch’s Stand Together nonprofit network, which receive an estimated 50% of their funding from Charles Koch. Those groups–the Stand Together Foundation and Stand Together Trust–cut a total of $178 million in checks to more than 300 organizations in 2023, including sober active community The Phoenix ($12 million) and the VELA Education Fund for alternative schooling ($10 million).
With reporting assistance from Julie Goldenberg and Genna Contino.